Comparative study on analgesic effect of tetrodotoxin in four acute pain models / 药学实践杂志

Objective To evaluate the analgesic effect of tetrodotoxin (TTX) in four types of acute pain models and provide experimental support for its rational application. Methods Mice or rats were intramuscularly pretreated with morphine (1 mg/kg) or TTX (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 μg/kg) 40 min before acetic acid writhing test, formalin stimulation test, hot plate test or tail flick test. Pain response or pain threshold were recorded, and inhibition rate was calculated during the tests. The arachidonic acid of serum was determined by Elisa. Results Significant analgesic effects were observed with morphine in all four acute pain models. TTX dose-dependently reduced the number of writhing induced by acetic acid and inhibited the pain response induced by formalin during phase I and phase II, with the highest inhibition rate of more than 80.00% in two pain models. TTX showed analgesic effect in tail flick test and hot plate test, with the highest inhibition rate of 25.00% and 19.79%, respectively. Both acetic acid and formalin increased arachidonic acid in animal serum, but TTX had no significant inhibitory effect on the releasing of arachidonic acid. Conclusion TTX showed significant analgesic effect in the chemical stimulation pain models induced by acetic acid and formalin, but limited analgesic effect was observed on the physical stimulation pain model induced by heat (hot plate and hot water). TTX may produce analgesic effect by blocking the inflammatory mediators mediating pain response.

Analysis of utility of optical surface imaging system for patients who received radiotherapy with active breath control / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective To analyze the precision and stability of optical surface imaging system for patients who received radiotherapy with active breath control. Methods Eighteen radiotherapy patients with lung metastasis were managed by active breath control (ABC).The difference error detected by optical surface imaging system and CBCT were defined as the precision of optical surface imaging system. The variation among the error of optical surface imaging positioning the value of correction of treatment position and the error detected by optical surface imaging again were defined as the stability of optical surface imaging system. Intrafractional errors were analyzed by optical surface imaging system through whole treatment process (including breath hold and free breath). Results The optical surface imaging system had precision (systematic (Σ) and random errors (σ)) of 1.78/3.42 mm 2.54/6.57 mm and 2.79/3.22 mm respectively and stability of2.12/2.54 mm 3. 09/4.02 mm and 1.37/3.55 mm respectively in lateral-medial superior-inferior and anterior-posterior directions. The intrafractional errors (Σ and σ) were 0.42/0.85 mm 0.41/1.47 mm and 0.41/1.47 mm respectively for breath hold duration and 4.76/4.16 mm 6.54/7.78 mm and 3.13/5.92 mm for free breath duration in lateral-medial superior-inferior and anterior-posterior directions. Conclusions As an effective method for validate breath hold;Optical surface imaging system can improve the precision and safety of active breath control. However,the factors that affect the accuracy and stability of the optical surface imaging system in patients undergoing radiotherapy with ABC are not clear;it cannot replace the CBCT for positioning verification.

Research on the precision and stability of optical surface imaging technology in guiding radiotherapy positioning / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective To investigate the precision and stability of optical surface imaging (OSI)system Catalyst in guiding radiotherapy positioning.Methods A total of 52 patients with five different tumor sites who underwent cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-guided radiotherapy were recruited in this investigation.For the first treatment fraction,the setup error was recorded as C after online CBCT correction,and the surface images of patients taken by Catalyst were set as the reference images Cref.For the following treatment fraction,patients were pre-corrected according to the Catalyst Cref image with the acceptable errors within 2 mm/ 2,and the pre-corrected errors were recorded as C1.Then,after online CBCT correction,the setup errors were recorded as C.The errors between post-corrected Catalyst surface image and Cref image were recorded as C2.For each treatment fraction,the difference between Catalyst correction errors C1 and CBCT corrected errors C was recorded as d1,and the difference between the post-corrected Catalyst errors C2 and Cref image was recorded as d2.d3=d1-d2.The values of d1 and d3 in the 6 dimensions were analyzed using single sample t-test.The correlation between C-C1 and d1-d2 was statistically analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis.Results The mean value of d1 and d3 for 52 patients were within 2 mm/2 °.CBCT-C1 and d1-d2 were both significantly correlated (R =3,7,P=0.00,0.01).Conclusions OSI system yield high accuracy and stability in radiotherapy positioning,which is of certain significance in radiotherapy positioning for cancer patients.

Research progress in electronic portal imaging device-based in vivo dosimetry verification / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

In vivo dosimetry (IVD) is currently the most direct and effective means of quality assurance.The electronic portal imaging device (EPID) has been widely used for IVD verification owing to its favorable dosimetric properties.In recent years,an increasing number of EPID-based IVD studies have emerged around the world.The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of the present progress in EPID-based IVD studies,and to provide a reference for the subsequent application of EPID in IVD.

Implementation and development of independent check in radiotherapy / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Independent check is one of the key measures of quality control (QC) in radiotherapy and is essential for the assurance of radiotherapy accuracy.In recent years,with the application of computer-aided system,the automaticity of independent check,as well as its accuracy and efficiency,increases.Meanwhile,QC has evolved from a device-centered to a process-centered program.Therefore,independent check has been increasingly systematic and specific.This review gives a brief summary of the implementation and development of independent check.

The impact of electronic portal imaging device position error on 3D dose verification of volumetric modulated arc therapy / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To analyze the impact of electronic portal imagingdevice (EPID) position error on three-dimensional dose verification of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT).Metbods Five Suremark SL-20 lead points were fixed on Elekta tray,and EPID images were collected in 0-360° rotation,one image per 5°.The position error relative to the accelerator was analyzed via Matlab.Then the images position error was corrected according to the analysis,and the 3D dose was reconstructed with the corrected images.The dose distributions of double arcs,clockwise arc(arc 1),and counterclockwise arc (arc 2) of 16 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients' VMAT plan were evaluated by γ analysis,and the results of before and after position error correction were compared.Results Compared to 0° gantry angle,the error of source to the image distance (SID) was maximum (1.20 cm) when the gantry angle was 180°.On account of the SID change,the maximum error along the up-down (y) direction in the iso-center planar was 2.28 mm and the left-right (x) direction error was within ± O.5 mm.The 3D γ analyses of 16 nasopharyngeal carcinoma in VMAT plans were obviously increased after the position error along y was corrected.The double arcs,arc1 and arc 2 were increased by (4.12 ±1.67) ％ (t =-9.86,P＜ 0.05),(3.47±1.64) ％ (t=-8.46,P＜ 0.05) and (5.08±1.30) ％ (t=-15.63,P＜ 0.05) in 5％/3 mm standard,respectively.However,in 3％/3 mm standard,γ value of the double arcs,arc 1 and arc2 were increased by (7.63 ±2.24) ％ (t =-13.63,P＜ 0.05),(6.03 ±2.07) ％ (t =-11.66,P＜ 0.05),(9.17 ±2.23) ％ (t =-16.41,P＜ 0.05),respectively.Since the EPID position error along x was corrected after y,the 3D γ analysis of reconstruction dose indicated that the average of the 5％/3 mm and 3％/3 mm γ value were increased by 0.23％ and 0.24％,respectively.Conclusions EPID motion error along the gantry to table direction of the accelerator can't be ignored.When reconstruct dose based on EPID,a modification should be made for rebuilding more accurate patients' 3D dose distribution.

Establishment of a HEK-293 cell line stably expressing human TLR5and NF-κB responsive reporter / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective To construct the lentivirus plasmids of human Toll like receptor-5(TLR5)and nuclear factor(NF)-κB signaling pathway responsive luciferase and green fluorescent protein(GFP)reporters,and establish a HEK-293 cell line stably expressing human TLR5 and NF-κB responsive reporters. Methods The TLR5 and 5×NF-κB-binding sites genes were cloned to lenti?viral expressing plasmid pWSLV-puro and pWSLV-nanluc-GFP,respectively. The recombinant plasmids,pWSLV-hTLR5-puro and pWSLV-5×NF-κB-nanluc-GFP were respectively transfected with packaging plasmid into HEK293T cells in order to package lentivirus. The lentivirus was used to coinfect HEK-293 cells,and the positive clones stably expressing TLR5 and NF-κB responsive reporter (HEK293-N-T)were generated using colony-purification in present of puromycin and fluorescence activated cell sorting. The cells ex?pressing TLR5 were confirmed by Western blot and immunofluorescence. Additionally,the cells expressing NF-κB responsive reporter were confirmed by fluorescence microscopy and luciferase quantitative assay. Results The results of recombinant plasmids digestion identification and the sequencing of cDNA showed that the sequences inserted into the plasmid and the expected sequences of hTLR 5 and 5×NF-κB-binding sites genes were completely consistent. It was confirmed that the hTLR5 and 5×NF-κB-binding sites genes were correctly inserted into the vectors,and that the recombinant plasmids,pWSLV-hTLR5-puro and pWSLV-5 × NF-κB-nanluc-GFP, were successfully constructed. Additionally,Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis showed that TLR5 were stably expressed in a high level in the HEK293-N-T cells and located in the cell membranes. Moreover,the results of fluorescence microscopy and lucif?erase quantitative assay indicated that the NF-κB responsive reporter could reflect the activation of NF-κB signaling in a dose-depen?dent manner. Conclusion The HEK-293 cell line stably expressing human TLR5 and NF-κB responsive reporter has been successful?ly established and the HEK293-N-T cells can be used for the screening and evaluation of drugs target to TLR5.

Analysis of relative factors on gastrointestinal toxicti y with TOMO hypo fractionedr adiotherapy for pan-creatic adenocarcinoma / 实用肿瘤学杂志

Objective To identify dosimetric predictors for the development of gastrointestinal toxicity in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma treated with TOMO radiotherapy .Methods From January 2014 to Janu-ary 2015 ,we analysed the medical records of 68 pancreatic cancer patients who received helical tomotherapy from Air Force General Hospital .The stomach and duodenum were contoured separately to determine their dose volume histogram(DVH)parameters.Chi-square test was employed to analyze the count data .Spearman correlation anal-ysis was used to analyze the relationship between occurrence of gastrointestinal toxicity and clinical and physical factors.Logistic regression models was performed to identify risk factors associated with gastrointestinal toxicity . Results The median follow-up was 9 months(4~16 months).18 patients experienced grade II acute gastroin-testinal toxicity ,1 patient experienced grade Ⅲ acute gastrointestinal toxicity , whereas 17 patients experienced grade II late gastrointestinal toxicity ,1 patient experienced grade Ⅲlate gastrointestinal toxicity .On UVA,the vol-ume,Dmean,D1,D3,D5,D10,V5 to V40,and V5′to V45′of duodenum were significantly associated with GradeⅡor higher gastrointestinal toxicity ( P <0.05 ) .The MVA, V45′of duodenum was independent predictor for gradeⅡor higher gastrointestinal toxicity(P<0.05).The ROC analysis also showed that V45′of 0.5cm3 was the optimal threshold to predict for gastrointestinal toxicity for the entire cohort .Conclusion V45′of duodenum is of greater importance in the judgment of occurrence of hypofractioned radiation -induced gastrointestinal toxici-ty.

ANALYSIS OF DEVELOPING STRATEGY ON THE GRADE B CLASS 3 HOSPITAL UNDER THE BACKGROUND OF HIERARCHICAL DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT POLICIES / 现代医院

The implementation of hierarchical diagnosis and treatment policies will have a significant impact on the entire health care system .From the view the implementation of the policies of provinces now , tertiary hospital has been defined as a whole , and did not consider differences between grade b class 3 hospital and grade a class 3 hospital.Based on the overview of the policies , this article analyzed the external environment of the grade b class 3 hospital facing from strengths , weaknesses , opportunities and threats by using SWOT Analysis .Then propose counter-measures and suggestions of enhancing its ability and competitiveness to respond to the policies .

Biological agents against radiation:research advances / 国际药学研究杂志

The application of nuclear energy and nuclear technology has brought great convenience to human beings, but also greatly increases the potential risk of people exposed to radiation injury. Radioprotectants could reduce morbidity or mortality produced by ionizing irradiation. Substantial efforts to develop medically effective radioprotectant were initiated for a long time. The research of radioprotectant with good protection effect and low toxicity has become the focus, and some candidate drugs have been found. The biological agents, as the preventive and therapeutic medical measures for the acute radiation syndrome, have exhibited a good prospect. This review is an attempt to provide vital information about the current status of some representative biological radioprotectants and their future perspective.

Practice of strengthening private hospitals governance in Hubei province / 中华医院管理杂志

Better governance of private hospitals is key to deepening the health reform.In view of the present development of private hospitals in Hubei province,this paper expounded the characteristics development of private hospitals and the governance of specific measures in the province and analyzed the defects found in the legal system and mechanism.The authors also raised such recommendations as perfecting the legal system and improving the mechanism of information disclosure and evaluation.

Protein Preparation, Crystallization and Preliminary X-ray Crystallographic Analysis of Smu_195c From Caries Pathogen Streptococcus mutans / 生物化学与生物物理进展

Smu_195c is a protein with 86 amino acids in Streptococcus mutans, a primary pathogen for human dental caries. The specific function of Smu_195c is still unknown and there are no conserved domains in it. In order to find out its function, the gene encodes Smu_195c was cloned and expressed in E. coli as N-terminally 6*His tagged recombinant protein. Two crystal forms were obtained by the hanging drop method. Form Ⅰ belongs to space group P6122 or P6522 with the unit cell parameters a = b = 62.93 (A), c= 90.63 (A), γ=120° and form Ⅱ belongs to the space group P41212 or P43212 with the unit cell parameters a =b=57.97 (A), c = 103.51 (A).Crystals from the protein with His-tag belong to form Ⅰ, however, crystals from the protein without His-tag belong to both.

Interventional effects of donkey-hide glue reinforcing bone oral solution on the expression of growth factors during fracture healing / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Donkey-hide glue reinforcing bone oral solution (DGRBOS) is effective on preventing and treating fracture, but the mechanism of harmacology is still not clear. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) are important cytokines, which can promote blood vessel growth and osseous anabolism during fracture healing.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of DGRBOS on expression of VEGF and FGF-2 in the process of fracture healing of SD rats' fracture of tibia in bony callus, and explore the mechanism of DGRBOS in the treatment of fracture.DESIGN: A completely randomized controlled study.SETTING: Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology.MATERIALS: Ninety female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, with a mean weight of (368±40) g, aged about 3 months, wereprovided by Center of Animal Experiment, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology.Experimental drug: DGRBOS was donated by Xinjiang Huashidan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. The qili linking bone pill,positive control drug, was purchased from Hunan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.METHODS: This experiment was carried out in the Laboratory for Bone Metabolism of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine (Laboratory of Provincial Level), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from June to November 2005. Transverse midshaft fractures were produced on the right tibia in these rats using three-point bending technique, and 90 rats were randomly divided into three experimental groups:the DGRBOS group (n =30): according to medicine conversional method between human being and animal, 2 mL DGRBOS was fed to every mouse by intragastric administration at 2 vices/day; the qili linking bone pill group (positive control group, n =30): the pills dissolved in distilled water at 225 g/L, and consequently were administered intragastrically into mice at 2 mL/vice and 2 vices/day; normal saline group (negative control group, n =30): normal saline was administered intragastrically into mice at the coordinative capacity and same frequences. Selecting 4, 7, 14,21 and 28 days during the experiment, the immunohistochemistry method was adopted to detect the change of expression of VEGF and FGF-2 through computing value of mean optical degree (MOD) and number of the positive cells.

Expression,Purification,Crystallization and Preliminary X-ray Studies of a Deoxycytidylate Deaminase From Streptococcus mutans / 生物化学与生物物理进展

Deoxycytidylate (dCMP) deaminase is an enzyme belonged to dCMP cyt deam family. The dCMP deaminase from Streptococcus mutans UA159 was cloned and expressed in E. coli, and purified to homogeneity. The FPLC size exclusion chromatography analysis reveals that the S. mutans dCMP deaminase forms hexamer in solution. The protein was crystallized using hanging drop vapour-diffusion method and diffracted to a resolution of 3.1 ?. The diffraction data were collected at BSRF beamline 3W1A. The crystals belong to P213 space group, with unit cell parameters a = b = c = 113.2 ?, ? = ? = ? = 90?. Assuming there are two subunits per asymmetric unit, the Matthews coefficient is 3.6 ?3?Da-1. This is the first crystallization report of the wild-type deoxycytidylate deaminase.

Expression, Purification, Crystallization and Preliminary X-ray Studies of a Deoxycytidylate Deaminase From Streptococcus mutans / 生物化学与生物物理进展

Deoxycytidylate (dCMP) deaminase is an enzyme belonged to dCMP cyt deam family. The dCMP deaminase from Streptococcus mutans UA159 was cloned and expressed in E. coli, and purified to homogeneity. The FPLC size exclusion chromatography analysis reveals that the S. mutans dCMP deaminase forms hexamer in solution. The protein was crystallized using hanging drop vapour-diffusion method and diffracted to a resolution of 3.1 (A). The diffraction data were collected at BSRF beamline3W1A. The crystals belong to P213 space group, with unit cell parameters a = b = c = 113.2(A), α =β = γ = 90°. Assuming there are two subunits per asymmetric unit, the Matthews coefficient is 3.6 (A)3 ·Da-1. This is the first crystallization report of the wild-type deoxycytidylate deaminase.

Functional structure of γ-aminobutyric acid A receptor and depression, anxiety and epilepsy-related study / 中国组织工程研究

OBJECTIVE: Because A type γ-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) receptor is widely used in clinical medicine, the receptor related drugs and relationship between structures and functions of GABAA receptor have been discussed according to the study at home and abroad.DATA SOURCES: Literatures related to GABAA receptor were searched from Medline and Elesiver science database by a computer, key word is "GABAA or GABAA benzodiazepine", and the language was restricted in English. And simultaneously, they were searched from CNKI database with the word-GABAAin Chinese. Time of search is January 1994 to August 2004.STUDY SELECTION: First trial for data, literatures related to GABAA receptor structures and pharmacological functions was selected, and then looking for full text. Functions or activities dissertated in literatures without relation to central nervous system and clinical therapy were excluded.DATA EXTRACTION: Thirty-six pieces of literatures that are related to GABAA receptor structures and functions were found, among which 24 pieces were excluded, 16 pieces were repeated and 8 pieces were Meta analysis study.DATA SYNTHESIS:There are 12 pieces of literatures measuring up in which receptor structures, functions and pharmacological functions were studied. Four kinds of drugs including sedative-diazepam, inhibitor-barbiturate, spasmogen-picxition and neuroactivesteoid act on this receptor.CONCLUSION: To study thoroughly the function of GABAA receptor subunits could provide techniques and approaches for screening the receptor subunit related anti-epilepsy drugs

Effect of Astragalus Injection as an Adjunctive Therapy on the Biology in Patients with Schizophrenia and Its Clinical Efficacy / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of Astragalus injection as an adjunctive therapy on the biology in patients with schizophrenia and its clinical efficacy. METHODS: A total of 100 patients with schizophrenia were randomly assigned to trial group(n=50) or control group(n=50). The trial group received routine antipsychotic drugs plus Astragalus injection (40 mL?d-1, iv gtt) for 7 days, and the control group received antipsychotic drugs alone without addition of traditional Chinese medicine for 7 days. All the patients received for a total of 4 courses of treatment. Besides, both groups received additional benzodiazepine but not other hipnotics. RESULTS: After treatment, there were significant differences between the trial group and the control group in ECG QTc duration, sugar level, therapeutic efficacy, PANSS scores (total score and the sub-item scores) and adverse reactions etc(P